Having spent over 25 years working with patients, I have observed the bravery, resolve, and indomitable spirit of those confronted with a cancer diagnosis. However, I have also encountered the inquiries, doubts, and misconceptions that they and their families experience throughout the cancer journey.
Cancer stands as one of the most formidable health challenges of our era, impacting the lives of millions globally. Each year, there are over 20 million new cancer diagnoses, a figure projected to rise to nearly 30 million by 2040, per the National Cancer Institute.
In spite of the expected increase in new cases, significant strides are being made to enhance cancer care and outcomes. Research and technological advancements have, and will continue to, enrich our comprehension of this intricate disease. Nonetheless, in my practice, I observe that numerous myths still endure, negatively affecting prevention efforts, treatment, and patient support.
It’s time to dispel these myths and deliver accurate, up-to-date information to aid patients and their caregivers in better navigating their cancer journeys.
Myth #1: Cancer is a singular disease with a universal treatment
Cancer encompasses a group of related diseases marked by abnormal cell growth, necessitating customized treatment and strategies for every patient. Different cancer types vary at the molecular level, showing significant genetic diversity—even among individuals with the same cancer type.
For optimal effectiveness, treatments ought to be personalized. A study focusing on pancreatic cancer instances indicated that in 94 percent of the reviewed cases, subspecialists provided specific recommendations that could have enhanced outcomes, underscoring the advantages of personalized care and treatment plans for patients.
Myth #2: Cancer is always inherited
Although many cancers possess a genetic aspect, the majority are not hereditary. Environmental influences and lifestyle decisions also play a crucial role in cancer development. According to an American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) statement, “In the United States, 40 percent of all cancers are linked to modifiable risk factors, which necessitates a strong emphasis on and support for public health-focused research.” Currently in the U.S., obesity has overtaken smoking as a foremost modifiable cause of cancer.
This implies that numerous cancers may be preventable through lifestyle alterations and environmental adjustments. The report indicated that nearly 20 percent of cancer cases in the U.S. are associated with excess weight, poor dietary habits, alcohol use, and lack of physical activity; and an additional 19 percent of all cancer instances stem from tobacco use.
Myth #3: Nothing can be done to prevent cancer
Though some risk factors lie beyond our control, the aforementioned data illustrates how lifestyle choices can decrease cancer risk, highlighting the importance of taking preventive steps against cancer.
Various studies reveal how our everyday behaviors can influence cancer risk. For instance, a recent analysis of cancer trends noted that in addition to the mentioned risk factors, sun exposure and infectious agents—via air pollution or industrial chemicals—can also heighten the occurrence of specific cancers. While certain environmental exposures may be unavoidable, donning protective apparel, applying sunscreen outdoors, and steering clear of artificial UV light exposure—like tanning beds—can assist in reducing risk.
Vaccinations represent another avenue for prevention. We are aware that specific infectious agents, such as the hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus (HPV), can lead to cancer. Immunization against HPV can nearly eliminate the risk of cervical cancer, as well as vulvar, penile, or anal cancers triggered by HPV.
Myth #4: Cancer is invariably painful
Pain is not always indicative of cancer, particularly in its early phases. Understanding this is crucial, as depending on pain as a cancer symptom can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Fortunately, recent advancements employing artificial intelligence (AI) have facilitated earlier cancer detection. For example, innovative AI-driven solutions designed to enhance the precision of polyp detection during colonoscopies can aid in identifying colorectal cancer sooner. Moreover, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently sanctioned technologies that allow individuals to self-collect specimens for cervical cancer screening in certain environments, potentially enhancing personal comfort and compliance with screening guidelines.
Myth #5: Alternative therapies can cure cancer independently of standard medical treatment
While complementary therapies can contribute to alleviating symptoms and enhancing quality of life, they should not substitute evidence-based medicine.
Cancer research is advancing rapidly, alongside significant progress in cancer treatment. The AACR report mentioned that among the substantial breakthroughs made across the clinical cancer care spectrum from July 2023 through June 2024, 15 new anticancer therapies were approved for use by the FDA. Additionally, during this timeframe, the FDA also endorsed new applications for 15 previously approved anticancer treatments.
Evidence-based cancer treatments are progressing tremendously, offering genuine hope for cancer patients. For instance, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are demonstrating significant potential in addressing various types of cancer, including breast and ovarian cancer.
While cancer continues to pose one of the most formidable health challenges an individual may face,