Filipino Americans rank among the fastest-growing and most varied Asian American subgroups in the U.S., yet they continue to be significantly misunderstood, particularly regarding mental health. Whether it’s the stereotype of the “model minority” or the aggregation of health data among Asians that conceals subgroup distinctions, Filipino Americans grapple with an escalating yet overlooked mental health crisis.

In spite of robust cultural values founded on resilience, family, and faith, Filipino Americans frequently face obstacles in recognizing, discussing, and obtaining care for mental health issues. These cultural principles—while profoundly grounding—can also hinder open conversations about mental health challenges.

**“Kapwa”**

Essential to the Filipino identity is the principle of ‘kapwa,’ a profoundly relational perspective that underscores interconnectedness and collective identity. Kapwa nurtures loyalty to family and community. While this can indeed be a strength, it may also deter individuals from communicating their emotional distress for fear of imposing on others or disturbing group cohesion. This is particularly relevant when mental health conditions are perceived not as medical issues but as personal inadequacies or spiritual shortcomings. Although this fosters a robust support network, it simultaneously paves the way for a culture of solitude during vulnerable periods.

**Reflection / Charmaigne’s note:** “Growing up in a Filipino household, one principle was always apparent: family is paramount. My siblings and I could consistently rely on our parents to meet our physical needs. There was always nourishment on the table, shelter over our heads, and ample encouragement for extracurricular activities. They would invest significant amounts in new knee pads, swimsuits, uniforms, and badminton rackets—all concrete symbols of their love for us.

They often reminded my siblings and me that they had grown up with very little, and through determination and hard work, they had established a life that enabled them to support us and help us flourish. This same resilience was what we were encouraged to embody. In a similar fashion, they genuinely believed that this perseverance would empower us to overcome mental health challenges, like depression.”

**“Hiya”**

At the core of this cultural silence lies the concept of hiya, or shame. Within Filipino families, emotional distress is often kept confidential—sometimes even concealed from close family members. On one hand, kapwa fosters unity; however, individuals find it difficult to express their unique feelings in this harmonious atmosphere, leading to the opposite effect of hiya. Pursuing professional assistance may be perceived as bringing dishonor to the family, causing individuals to stifle or internalize their experiences. Rather than seeking therapists or counselors, many prefer to endure silently or depend on their religious beliefs as substitutes for formal care.

**Reflection / Charmaigne’s note:** “When it came to mental health, that affection didn’t always manifest positively. In many Filipino homes, mental health isn’t openly discussed. For most, it’s unseen—or worse, disregarded. As I matured, I found myself battling serious depression in high school. I attempted to confide in my parents about my struggles, hoping for their understanding. Even though both were nurses, their reaction was heartbreaking: “depression” isn’t real—pray more, work diligently, and it will vanish.

I struggled to articulate how profoundly it impacted me. I began to withdraw, spending endless hours sequestered in my room. Over time, the burden of that silence and miscommunication became increasingly oppressive, and I started grappling with suicidal thoughts. Ultimately, I reached a breaking point and tried to take my own life.”

**Healing and progress**

These perspectives on mental health are complex—individual beliefs shaped within a rich cultural context and sense of familial legacy. While these deep roots provide strength and unity, they have also led to mental health issues often being downplayed and perceived as moral deficiencies. Today, contemporary mental health care aims to continue illuminating these concerns, promoting awareness and access to resources so that mental illness is no longer concealed or neglected.

**Reflection / Charmaigne’s note:** “Over time, I’ve come to appreciate that family truly does take precedence—my extended family, particularly my cousins and their significant others, have been my foremost support system. They stood by me during my darkest times and came to my rescue when I needed someone the most. When my parents couldn’t recognize my cries for help, it was my cousins and their partners who lifted me. They became my advocates, those who voiced concerns and enlightened my parents about the gravity of my struggles. Through their love and encouragement, I came to understand that I wasn’t alone. They inspired me to prioritize self-care and taught me how to embrace my identity. Thanks to them, I was finally able to embark on my healing journey and take the necessary medication to evolve into a healthier version of myself.”

*Victor Fu is a medical student. Charmaigne Lopez is a social worker.*